Which property of a cutting tool is essential for effective machining?

The property of hardness and wear resistance is crucial for effective machining because these characteristics directly impact the tool's ability to cut through materials efficiently while maintaining its shape and sharpness over time. A cutting tool subjected to high-stress conditions during machining processes encounters significant friction and heat, which can deteriorate its performance. Tools with high hardness can withstand these conditions, allowing them to maintain sharp cutting edges, which leads to improved machining precision and surface finishes.

Furthermore, wear resistance ensures that the tools last longer during operations, reducing the frequency of replacements and the overall cost of manufacturing. A tool that quickly wears out does not perform effectively, which can lead to inconsistent work quality and increased production time.

In contrast, other factors such as the color of the tool do not influence its performance directly, while the weight and length may affect handling or the specific application but are not as critical in determining effectiveness in cutting performance. Thus, hardness and wear resistance are essential properties that ensure reliable and efficient machining operations.